Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all broken down into small units that can be used by the body's cells for energy. They are then put back together again when they are no longer needed, or excreted in urine as waste products.
Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy. They're broken down into glucose, which is used by cells for energy. Carbohydrates come in two forms: sugars and starches. Sugars are simple carbohydrates that contain just one or two sugar molecules (for example, glucose). Starches are complex carbohydrates made up of many individual sugar molecules linked together (like in potatoes).
In this lesson on urine analysis, we will focus primarily on glucose because it shows up easily in urine tests and is often tested for during pregnancy tests as well as other medical procedures involving blood testing (for example, diabetes).
Proteins are large molecules made up of smaller subunits called amino acids. Amino acids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. The building blocks of proteins are joined together to form an intricate structure that can do many different things in your body. For example, muscle tissue is made up mostly of protein fibers that contract when stimulated by nerve impulses from your brain or spinal cord (a process called excitation-contraction coupling).
Fats are also large molecules made up of smaller subunits called fatty acids. Fats can be either saturated (no double bonds) or unsaturated (one or more double bonds). The glycerol backbone is hydrophilic, so it can be broken down by enzymes in the kidney and liver. The fatty acids are hydrophobic, meaning they prefer to stay in their original form rather than break down into smaller pieces that can pass through urine filtration systems.
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all broken down into small units that can be used by the body's cells for energy. Glucose is one of the most important molecules in living cells. It is a simple sugar that is used by the body for energy, and it can be found in many foods such as fruits or grains.
Glucose is also known as "blood sugar" because it circulates through your blood stream when you eat food containing carbohydrates (starches). When you digest these starches and convert them into glucose molecules at your digestive tract's enterocytes (cells), they become absorbed into your bloodstream where they are carried throughout your body via arteries until reaching their destination: muscle tissue or fat cells where energy is needed most!
Proteins are broken down into amino acids, which are then put back together again when they are no longer needed.
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate and then converted to energy or stored as fat if you don't need it for energy at the time.
Proteins are made up of amino acids, and these have a hydrogen atom attached to the nitrogen atom in their structure. The hydrogen atom is acidic, so proteins can act as bases and convert glucose into amino acids.
In contrast, carbohydrates do not have any acidic groups on their ends; they cannot act as bases or be converted into amino acids by the kidneys.
The bottom line is that proteins and carbohydrates are both broken down into glucose, but they go about it in different ways. Proteins require more energy than carbohydrates do because they're larger molecules with many chemical bonds between atoms. When you eat protein, your body breaks down these large molecules into smaller units called amino acids before converting them into glucose or ketone bodies (which can be used as fuel by heart muscle).